LoRaWAN is a set of communication protocols and system architecture designed for the LoRa long-distance communication network.
LoRa network is mainly composed of a terminal (built-in LoRa module), gateway (or base station), network server
and application servers. The LoRaWAN network architecture is a typical star topology. In this network architecture, the LoRa gateway is a transparent transmission relay, and the central server is connected to the terminal device and the backend. End devices communicate with one or more gateways using the LoRa protocol. All nodes and gateways are two-way communication. The LoRa Alliance stipulates the communication protocol of the MAC layer. Only under the premise of the MAC layer protocol that the devices (GW, NODE) jointly abide by, can devices from different hardware manufacturers connect to each other.